BED REST 2023

Načrt raziskave v 2023 in možnost vašega sodelovanja

 

Povzetek: V letošnji raziskavi bodo ležale tri skupine preiskovancev. Deset mladih moških preiskovancev (18-30 let) bo ležalo 21 dni, 10 starejših moških preiskovancev (65+ let) bo ležalo 10 dni in še tretja skupina 10 starejših moških preiskovancev (65+ let) bo ležalo tudi 10 dni, a bodo imeli intervencije (glej spodaj), s katerimi se bomo zoperstavili spremembam telesa na ležanje. Vse tri skupine bodo ležale v prostorih Splošne bolnišnice Izola. Preiskovanci bodo nameščeni v 5-posteljne bolnišnične sobe in imeli 24-urni zdravstveni nadzor, zagotovljeno ustrezno higieno, prehrano, pasivno razgibavanje, internet, sproščeno okolje in obiske. Preiskovanci bodo po ležanju odšli domov, a imeli še 21-dnevno vodeno rehabilitacijo v lokalnih vadbenih centrih. Rehabilitacija bo obsegala intervalno vadbo, kjer bodo preiskovanci izvedli 4-krat po 5 minut visoko intenzivne vadbe. Pred, med in po ležanju bomo izmerili vrsto pomembnih zdravstvenih parametrov. Nekaj njih tudi na invaziven način (odvzem krvi in mišičnih vzorcev), za kar bomo skrbno poskrbeli z ustreznim medicinskim osebjem, sterilnimi instrumenti in okoljem. Meritve bodo obsegale običajne voljne napore (vožnjo sobnega kolesa, razne skoke, kratka naprezanja) in električno izvabljene krčenja mišice (električna stimulacije s posamičnimi impulzi). Vsi testi so običajni testi in vzeti iz običajnega življenjskega sloga in običajnih medicinskih preiskav. Tekom raziskave bomo poskrbeli za varovanje osebnih podatkov, varno delo s preiskovanci, varno delo z biološkimi materiali in odpadki ter komunikacijo med raziskovalci, preiskovanci, strokovno-raziskovalno in laično javnostjo.

Preiskovanci boste prejeli finančno nadomestilo v razponu od 2.500 do 4.000 EUR (bruto), odvisno od skupine v katero se boste prijavili:

  • Mlajši preiskovanci ležijo 21 dni in imajo 21-dnevno rehabilitacijo (9 vadb) ter prejmejo 4.000 EUR (bruto);
  • Starejši preiskovanci ležijo 10 dni in imajo 21-dnevno rehabilitacijo (9 vadb) ter prejmejo 2.500 EUR (bruto);
  • Starejši preiskovanci imajo 2-mesečno predpripravo na ležanje (16 vadb), ležijo 10 dni in imajo 21-dnevno rehabilitacijo (9 vadb) ter prejmejo 3.500 EUR (bruto).
PRIJAVA BED REST 2023

Intervencije: Ena skupina 10 starejših preiskovancev bo deležnih treh intervencij, in sicer bodo:

  1. naredili 2-mesečno gibalno-kognitivno vadbo pred pričetkom ležanja, in sicer 3-krat tedensko po 60 minut. Ciljali bomo h krepitvi skeletnih mišic, po vzoru predpriprave na ortopedski operativni poseg. Vadba bo obsegala vadbo silovitosti in moči mišic nog, vadbo vzdržljivosti in funkcionalno vadbo. Poudarek bo tudi na hkratni gibalno-kognitivni vadbi (kot na primer seštevanje/pomnjenje/urejanje problemov med vadbo). Vadba bo individualno prilagojena, na osnovi njihove telesne pripravljenosti pred pričetkom prve vadbe in stopnjevana na tedenski ravni.
  2. naredili vsakodnevno, 45-minutno, zgolj kognitivno vadbo med 10-dnevnim ležanjem. Pri tem bodo uporabili očala virtualne realnosti. In sicer, bodo izvajali različne kognitivne naloge v obliki aktivnega gledanja in hkratne gibalne predstave.
  3. jemali beljakovinske dodatke med 10-dnevnim ležanjem in 21-dnevno rehabilitacijo, katera bo obsegala oralni vnos beljakovin in izbranih amino kislin.

Testiranja: vsa merjenja so načrtovana za 4 časovne točke: pred ležanjem (vsi), po 10 dneh ležanja (vsi), po 21 dneh ležanja (le mlajši) in po 21 dneh rehabilitacije (vsi). Nekatera merjenja (odvzemi krvi) bodo izvedena tudi med ležanjem:

  • Gibalno aktivnost med celotnim potekom raziskave bomo izmerili z merilniki pospeška, ki ga bodo nosili pripetega na boku.
  • Telesno sestavo (maščobo in mišično maso) bomo izmerili leže v sproščenem stanju, z bioimpedanco in DXA celotnega telesa.
  • Mišični volumen in površino preseka mišic nog bomo izmerili z MRI slikanjem.
  • Mišično arhitekturo bomo izmerili z ultrazvokom.
  • Hitrost mišičnega krčenja po električnem impulzu bomo izmerili s Tenziomiografijo in z uporabo električnega impulza.
  • Največjo silovitost mišic bomo izmerili s hotenimi maksimalnimi krčenji in dinamometri.
  • Mišično moč in funkcijo bomo izmerili z različnimi skoki na tenziometrijski plošči.
  • Ravnotežje in ortostatično intoleranco bomo izmerili na tenziometrijski plošči med mirno stojo.
  • Vzorce vlaken mišice (biopsije približno 150 mg) bo odvzel izkušeni kirurg s perkutano biopsijo mišice vastus lateralis med lokalno anestezijo.
  • Vzorci krvi bomo odvzeli pogosteje, na tešče pred zajtrkom iz medialne kubitalne vene.
  • Kognitivne teste (hitrosti procesiranja informacij, test izvršilnih sposobnosti, test selektivne pozornosti, test kognitivnega upada, test razpoloženja) bomo izmerili z vprašalniki in računalniškimi programi.
  • Možgansko delovanja bomo izmerili z EEG ob izvedbi enostavnih gibalnih in kognitivnih nalogah.

Raziskava bo financirana s strani:

  • projekta ARRS (vodja: prof. dr. Boštjan Šimunič; J5-4593 Upad živčno-mišičnega sistema po gibalni neaktivnosti: primerjava mlajših in starejših odraslih),
  • so-financirana s strani:
    • mednarodnih projektov PRIN (vodja prof. dr. Marco Narici; InactivAge – Inactivity induced neuromuscular impairment through different ages: from children, to young and middle age adults in NeuAge – Neuromuscular Aging- Mechanisms and functional implications), ter
    • mednarodnega projekta INTERREG SLO-ITA X-BRAIN.net – Mreža čezmejnega sodelovanja rehabilitacije bolnikov po možganski kapi z uporabo inovativnih tehnologij (vodji prof. dr. Gianni Biolo in prof. dr. Rado Pišot).

Kako se lahko prijavite?

Dostop do obrazca za registracijo je mogoč z izbiro povezave PRIJAVA BED REST 2023 ali s klikom na gumb

PRIJAVA BED REST 2023

Iščemo 30 preiskovancev in sicer:

  • 10 mladih moških (starih med 18 in 35 let), in
  • 20 starejših moških (starih nad 65 let).

Pri vsakem kandidatu bomo na zdravniškem pregledu preverili, če ustrezajo vključitvenim in izključitvenim pogojem:

a. Vključitveni kriteriji:

    • moški spol;
  • indeks telesne mase (ITM) med 22 in 32 kg/m2;
  • apendikularna mišična masa na udih > 7,23 kg/m2 (izmerjeno z DXA);
    • zdrav posameznik, ki je sposoben opraviti vse predvidene teste v raziskavi;
    • podpisana izjava o zavestni in svobodni privolitvi za sodelovanje ter zdravnikovo privoljenje.

b. Izključitveni kriteriji:

  • težja akutna ali kronična obolenja: skeleta, raki, srčno-žilnega sistema, presnovnega sistema, živčno-mišičnega sistema in psihiatrična obolenja;
  • ugotovljeno srčno-žilno obolenje na pregledu EKG;
  • alergije na učinkovine uporabljene v raziskavi;
  • težave pri prebavi raziskovalnih učinkovin;
  • pogosta diareja in bruhanje;
  • arterijska hipertenzija (>140/90 mmHg);
  • psihološke težave;
  • nagnjenost k globokovenski trombozi (D-dimer < 500 μg/L)
  • slabo ortostatično toleranco (pogoste vrtoglavice pri spremembi položaja, posebno pri dvigu iz ležečega položaja);
  • venske abnormalnosti, ki bi povzročale težave pri jemanju krvi;
  • odvzem večje količine krvi (več kot 300 ml) v zadnjih treh mesecih pred pričetkom projekta;
  • težave s prekomernim uživanjem alkoholnih pijač;
  • aktivo kajenje;
  • predhodno sodelovanje v kakršni koli biomedicinski raziskavi v zadnjih 3 mesecih pred pričetkom te raziskave;
  • nalezljivo bolezen pred pričetkom projekta;
  • kakršen koli feromagnetni implantat.

Zgodovina raziskovanja simulirane breztežnosti v Sloveniji:

Na Inštitutu za kineziološke raziskave, Znanstveno raziskovalnega središča Koper, na začetku v sodelovanju z Inštitutom Jožef Stefan, že več kot 20 let izvajamo študije večdnevnega ležanja v postelji. Študije smo na začetku izvajali v Ortopedski bolnišnici Valdoltra (2006-12) in od leta 2019 v Splošni bolnišnici Izola. Pri tem je v šestih študijah 40 preiskovancev ležalo 35 dni, 23 preiskovancev 14 dni in 10 preiskovancev 10 dni. Zanimive so tudi zgodbe preiskovancev, saj so prav vsi zdržali do konca raziskave. Naši rezultati so pripomogli k znanosti razumevanja delovanja človeškega telesa v vesolju in na Zemlji, saj smo objavili preko 60 izvirnih znanstvenih člankov v najimenitnejših znanstvenih revijah.

Zakaj ležanje v postelji?

Če želimo razumeti: kaj se dogaja s človekovim telesom v vesolju – breztežnosti, kako gibalna neaktivnost spreminja naše telo, kakšne spremembe lahko pričakujemo s staranjem, moramo uporabiti različne simulacije posledic, saj težko čakamo 20-30 let, da nas gibalna neaktivnost spremeni ali da se postaramo. Preučevati astronavtov tudi ne moremo, ker jih je malo in ne moremo dostopati do njih med bivanjem v vesolju. Zato smo razvili različne načine simulacije posledic bivanja v breztežnostnem prostoru. V bistvu so astronavti direktni uporabniki naših znanj, saj uporabljajo vse možne ukrepe (intervencije), katerim smo prej preverili učinkovitost v študijah ležanja. Breztežnost lahko direktno simuliramo le s paraboličnimi leti, kjer doživimo breztežnost približno 20 sekund ob vsakem paraboličnem preletu letala, kar lahko ponovimo okoli 20-krat v enem poletu. Ker pa želimo na kontroliran način povzročiti posledice breztežnosti, je potrebno zagotoviti daljše obdobje breztežnosti. Zato raje simuliramo posledice breztežnosti, kar dosežemo z ležanjem v postelji (bed rest), imobilizacijo ali suspenzijo uda (limb immobilisation ali suspension), zmanjšanjem števila korakov (step reduction) ali suhim potapljanjem v vodi (dry immerion).

V tokratni raziskavi bomo uporabili kratkotrajno ležanje v postelji, saj nas ne zanima velikost sprememb temveč kako se te spremembe začnejo. Ravno prvi dnevi ležanja so najbolj burni in za nas najbolj zanimivi, saj se kasneje vzpostavi novo ravnotežje procesov v telesu, ob znižani gibalni neaktivnosti.

PRIJAVA BED REST 2023

Presentation

Science and Research Centre Koper is a national research entity consisting of eight research institutes. Among them, the Institute for Kinesiology Research (IKARUS), since his creation in 2004, have five main sectors in the field of health research:

  • Skeletal muscle plasticity (from childhood to adulthood)
  • Motor control
  • Rehabilitation
  • Support in space physiology
  • Engineering of medical diagnostics

 

IKARUS in numbers

02004 | Established

02006 | Our 1st 35-day bed rest study

00017 | 15 researchers and 2 laboratory techniques

00006 | Origin countries of our staff

00003 | Study programmes accredited

34–48 | Published SCI publications per year

00005 | Bed rest campaign from 2006-19

Our bed rest campaigns

Support in space medicine and physiology is one of our main research sectors. Since 2006 we have conducted five bed rest studies:

Year Design Participants
2006 35-day horizontal bed rest 10 young males
2007 35-day horizontal bed rest 10 young males
2008 35-day 6deg HDT bed rest 10 young males
2012 14-day horizontal bed rest 16 older males

 

7 young males
2019 10-day horizontal bed rest 10 young males

Partners

Our main partners in bed rest studies are:

Responsible staff

Publications

Original articles:

  1. ORANGER, Angela, STORLINO, Giuseppina, DICARLO, Manuela, ZERLOTIN, Roberta, PIGNATARO, Patrizia, SANESI, Lorenzo, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, COLAIANNI, Graziana, et al. Impact of 10-day bed rest on serum levels of irisin and markers of musculoskeletal metabolism. The FASEB journal, ISSN 1530-6860. [Online ed.], Jan. 2023, vol. 37, iss. 1, str. 1-13, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202201005RR, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15911

  2. D’AMURI, Andrea, SANZ, Juana Maria, LAZZER, Stefano, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, BIOLO, Gianni, ZULIANI, Giovanni, GASPARINI, Mladen, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, GRASSI, Bruno, REGGIANI, Carlo, DALLA NORA, Edoardo, PASSARO, Angelina. Irisin attenuates muscle impairment during bed rest through muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk. Biology, ISSN 2079-7737, 2022, vol. 11, iss. 7, str. 1-14, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11070999, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15265

  3. DIVJAK, Matjaž, SEDEJ, Gašper, MURKS, Nina, GERŽEVIČ, Mitja, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, HOLOBAR, Aleš. Inter-person differences in isometric coactivations of triceps surae and tibialis anterior decrease in young, but not in older adults after 14 days of bed rest. Frontiers in physiology, ISSN 1664-042X, Jan. 2022, vol. 12, art. 809243, str. 1-14, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.809243, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15445

  4. TAMMA, Grazia, DI MISE, Annarita, RANIERI, Marianna, CENTRONE, Mariangela, VENNERI, Maria, D’AGOSTINO, Mariagrazia, FERRULLI, Angela, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, PIŠOT, Rado, VALENTI, Giovanna. Early biomarkers of altered renal function and orthostatic intolerance during 10-day bedrest. Frontiers in physiology, ISSN 1664-042X, Apr. 2022, vol. 13, art. 858867, str. 1-9, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.858867, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=15046

  5. BALDASSARRE, Giovanni, ZUCCARELLI, Lucrezia, MANFERDELLI, Giorgio, MANFREDINI, V., MARZORATI, Mauro, PILOTTO, Andrea, PORCELLI, Simone, RASICA, L., ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, GRASSI, Bruno. Decrease in work rate in order to keep a constant heart rate : biomarker of exercise intolerance following a 10-day bed rest. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1522-1601. [Online ed.], Jun. 2022, vol. 132, iss. 6, str. 1569-1579, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2022, doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2022

  6. FRANCHI, Martino V., SARTO, Fabio, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo. Early changes of hamstrings morphology and contractile properties during 10 days of complete inactivity. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, ISSN 1530-0315, Aug. 2022, vol. 54, iss. 8, str. 1346-1354, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002922, doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002922

  7. MURGIA, Marta, CICILIOT, Stefano, NAGARAJ, Nagarjuna, REGGIANI, Carlo, SCHIAFFINO, Stefano, FRANCHI, Martino V., PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, TONIOLO, Luana, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, et al. Signatures of muscle disuse in spaceflight and bed rest revealed by single muscle fiber proteomics. PNAS nexus, ISSN 2752-6542, Jul. 2022, vol. 1, iss. 3, [article no] pgac086, str. 1-14, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac086, doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac086

  8. MANGANOTTI, Paolo, STELLA, Alex B., AJČEVIĆ, Miloš, DI GIROLAMO, Filippo Giorgio, BIOLO, Gianni, FRANCHI, Martino V., MONTI, Elena, SIRAGO, Giuseppe, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, PIŠOT, Rado. Peripheral nerve adaptations to 10 days of horizontal bed rest in healthy young adult males. American journal of physiology, regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, Sep. 2021, vol. 321, iss. 3, str. R465-R503, ilustr. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2021?journalCode=ajpregu, doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2021

  9. MONTI, Elena, REGGIANI, Carlo, FRANCHI, Martino V., TONIOLO, Luana, SANDRI, Marco, ARMANI, Andrea, ZAMPIERI, Sandra, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, et al. Neuromuscular junction instability and altered intracellular calcium handling as early determinants of force loss during unloading in humans. The journal of physiology, ISSN 1469-7793. [Online ed.], Jun. 2021, vol. 599, iss. 12, str. 3037-3061, ilustr. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/JP281365, https://doi.org/10.1113/JP281365, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=14128

  10. ZUCCARELLI, Lucrezia, BALDASSARRE, Giovanni, MAGNESA, Benedetta, DEGANO, Cristina, COMELLI, Marina, GASPARINI, Mladen, MANFERDELLI, Giorgio, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, et al. Peripheral impairments of oxidative metabolism after a 10-day bed rest are upstream of mitochondrial respiration. The journal of physiology, ISSN 1469-7793. [Online ed.], 2021, vol. 599, iss. 21, str. 4813-4829, ilustr. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/JP281800, doi: 10.1113/JP281800

  11. SARTO, Fabio, MONTI, Elena, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, FRANCHI, Martino V. Changes in biceps femoris long head fascicle length after 10-d bed rest assessed with different ultrasound methods. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, ISSN 0195-9131, Jul. 2021, vol. 53, iss. 7, str. 1529-1536, ilustr. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/2021/07000/Changes_in_Biceps_Femoris_Long_Head_Fascicle.23.aspx, doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002614

  12. BUSO, Alessia, COMELLI, Marina, ISOLA, Miriam, MAGNESA, Benedetta, PIŠOT, Rado, RITTWEGER, Joern, SALVADEGO, Desy, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, GRASSI, Bruno, MAVELLI, Irene, et al. Mitochondrial adaptations in elderly and young men skeletal muscle following 2 weeks of bed rest and rehabilitation. Frontiers in physiology, ISSN 1664-042X, maj 2019, vol. 10, art. 474, str. 1-18, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00474, doi: 3389/fphys.2019.00474.
  13. ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, KOREN, Katja, RITTWEGER, Joern, LAZZER, Stefano, REGGIANI, Carlo, REJC, Enrico, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, DEGENS, Hans. Tensiomyography detects early hallmarks of bed-rest-induced atrophy before changes in muscle architecture. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 2019, vol. 126, iss. 4, str. 815-822, tabele, graf. prikazi. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00880.2018, doi: 1152/japplphysiol.00880.2018.
  14. REJC, Enrico, FLOREANI, Mirco, TABOGA, Paolo, BOTTER, Alberto, TONIOLO, Luana, CANCELLARA, Lina, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, BIOLO, Gianni, PASSARO, Angelina, RITTWEGER, Joern, REGGIANI, Carlo, LAZZER, Stefano. Loss of maximal explosive power of lower limbs after two weeks of disuse and incomplete recovery after retraining in older adults. The journal of physiology, ISSN 0022-3751. [Print ed.], 2018, vol. 596, iss. 4, str. 647-665, ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP274772, doi: 1113/JP274772.
  15. FLOREANI, Mirco, REJC, Enrico, TABOGA, Paolo, GANZINI, Alessandro, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, BIOLO, Gianni, REGGIANI, Carlo, PASSARO, Angelina, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, RITTWEGER, Joern, DI PRAMPERO, Pietro Enrico, LAZZER, Stefano. Effects of 14 days of bed rest and following physical training on metabolic cost, mechanical work, and efficiency during walking in older and young healthy males. PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, 2018, vol. 13, iss. 3, str. 1-18, graf. prikazi, tabele. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194291, doi: 1371/journal.pone.0194291.
  16. PASSARO, Angelina, SOAVI, Cecilia, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, REJC, Enrico, SANZ, Juana Maria, MORIERI, Mario Luca, DALLA NORA, Edoardo, KAVCIC, Voyko, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, REGGIANI, Carlo, BIOLO, Gianni, ZULIANI, Giovanni, LAZZER, Stefano, PIŠOT, Rado. Computerized cognitive training and brain derived neurotrophic factor during bed rest : mechanisms to protect individual during acute stress. Aging, ISSN 1945-4589, 2017, vol. 9, no. 2, str. 393-407, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/aging.101166, doi: 18632/aging.101166.
  17. PASSARO, Angelina, MISELLI, Maria Agata, SANZ, Juana Maria, DALLA NORA, Edoardo, MORIERI, Mario Luca, COLONNA, Rossella, PIŠOT, Rado, ZULIANI, Giovanni. Gene expression regional differences in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. BMC genomics, ISSN 1471-2164, 2017, vol. 18, art. no. 202, str. 1-11, ilustr. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3564-2, doi: 1186/s12864-017-3564-2.
  18. BIOLO, Gianni, PIŠOT, Rado, MAZZUCCO, Sara, DI GIROLAMO, Filippo Giorgio, SITULIN, Roberta, LAZZER, Stefano, GRASSI, Bruno, REGGIANI, Carlo, PASSARO, Angelina, RITTWEGER, Joern, GASPARINI, Mladen, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. Anabolic resistance assessed by oral stable isotope ingestion following bed rest in young and older adult volunteers : relationships with changes in muscle mass. Clinical nutrition : an international journal devoted to clinical nutrition and metabolism, ISSN 0261-5614, 2017, vol. 36, iss. 5, str. 1420-1426, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.019, doi: 1016/j.clnu.2016.09.019.
  19. BÜHLMEIER, Judith, FRINGS-MEUTHEN, Petra, MOHORKO, Nina, LAU, P., MAZZUCCO, Sara, FERRETTI, J. L., BIOLO, Gianni, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, RITTWEGER, Joern. Markers of bone metabolism during 14 days of bed rest in young and older men. Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions, ISSN 1108-7161, 2017, vol. 17, no. 1, str. 399-408
  20. PIŠOT, Rado, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, BIOLO, Gianni, MAZZUCCO, Sara, LAZZER, Stefano, GRASSI, Bruno, REGGIANI, Carlo, TONIOLO, Luana, DI PRAMPERO, Pietro Enrico, PASSARO, Angelina, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, MOHAMMED, Shahid, RITTWEGER, Joern, GASPARINI, Mladen, GABRIJELČIČ BLENKUŠ, Mojca, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan. Greater loss in muscle mass and function but smaller metabolic alterations in older compared to younger men following two weeks of bed rest and recovery. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 2016, vol. 120, no. 8, str. 922-929, tabele, graf. prikazi. http://jap.physiology.org/content/120/8/922, doi: 1152/japplphysiol.00858.2015.
  21. SOAVI, Cecilia, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, SANZ, Juana Maria, MORIERI, Mario Luca, DALLA NORA, Edoardo, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, ZULIANI, Giovanni, PASSARO, Angelina. Age-related differences in plasma BDNF levels after prolonged bed rest. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 2016, vol. 120, no. 10, str. 1118-1123, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://jap.physiology.org/content/early/2016/02/29/japplphysiol.01111.2015.full.pdf+html, doi: 1152/japplphysiol.01111.2015.
  22. JURDANA, Mihaela, JENKO PRAŽNIKAR, Zala, MOHORKO, Nina, PETELIN, Ana, JAKUS, Tadeja, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado. Impact of 14-day bed rest on serum adipokines and low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults. Age, ISSN 0161-9152, dec. 2015, vol. 37, iss. 6, str. 1-11, tabele, graf. prikazi. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-015-9848-z, doi: 1007/s11357-015-9848-z.
  23. GOSWAMI, Nandu, KAVCIC, Voyko, MARUŠIČ, Uroš, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, ROESSLER, Andreas, HINGHOFER-SZALKAY, Helmut, PIŠOT, Rado. Effect of computerized cognitive training with virtual spatial navigation task during bed rest immobilization and recovery on vascular function : a pilot study. Clinical interventions in aging, ISSN 1178-1998. [Online ed.], feb. 2015, vol. 10, str. 453-459, tabele. http://www.dovepress.com/effect-of-computerized-cognitive-training-with-virtual-spatial-navigat-peer-reviewed-article-CIA, doi: 2147/CIA.S76028.
  24. REJC, Enrico, DI PRAMPERO, Pietro Enrico, LAZZER, Stefano, GRASSI, Bruno, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, ANTONUTTO, Guglielmo, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. Maximal explosive power of the lower limbs before and after 35 days of bed rest under different diet energy intake. European journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1439-6319. [Print ed.], 2015, vol. 115, iss. 2, str. 429-436, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3024-5, doi: 1007/s00421-014-3024-5.
  25. REJC, Enrico, DI PRAMPERO, Pietro Enrico, LAZZER, Stefano, GRASSI, Bruno, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, ANTONUTTO, Guglielmo, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. A 35-day bed rest does not alter the bilateral deficit of the lower limbs during explosive efforts. European journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1439-6319. [Print ed.], 2015, vol. 115, iss. 6, str. 1323-1330, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00421-015-3111-2.pdf, doi: 1007/s00421-015-3111-2.
  26. KOREN, Katja, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, REJC, Enrico, LAZZER, Stefano, PIŠOT, Rado. Differences between skeletal muscle contractile parameters estimated from transversal tensiomyographic and longitudinal torque twitch response. Kinesiology : international scientific journal of kinesiology and sport, ISSN 1331-1441. [English ed.], 2015, vol. 47, no. 1, str. 19-26
  27. MARUŠIČ, Uroš, KAVCIC, Voyko, GIORDANI, Bruno, GERŽEVIČ, Mitja, MEEUSEN, Romain, PIŠOT, Rado. Computerized spatial navigation training during 14 days of bed rest in healthy older adult men : effect on gait performance. Psychology and aging, ISSN 0882-7974, jun. 2015, vol. 30, iss. 2, str. 334-340, ilustr., tabele. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000021, doi: 1037/pag0000021.
  28. TAMMA, Grazia, DI MISE, Annarita, RANIERI, Marianna, SVELTO, Maria, PIŠOT, Rado, BILANCIO, Giancarlo, CAVALLO, Pierpaolo, DE SANTO, Natale Gaspare, CIRILLO, Massimo, VALENTI, Giovanna. A decrease in aquaporin 2 excretion is associated with bed rest induced high calciuria. Journal of translational medicine, ISSN 1479-5876, 2014, vol. 12, 133, graf. prikazi. http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/12/1/133, doi: 1186/1479-5876-12-133.
  29. BILANCIO, Giancarlo, LOMBARDI, Cinzia, PIŠOT, Rado, DE SANTO, Natale Gaspare, CAVALLO, Pierpaolo, CIRILLO, Massimo. Effects of bed-rest on urea and creatinine : correlation with changes in fat-free mass. PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, 2014, vol. 9, iss. 9, str. 1-7, graf. prikazi, tabele. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0108805, doi: 1371/journal.pone.0108805.
  30. ADAMI, Alessandra, PIZZINELLI, Paolo, BRINGARD, Aurélien, CAPELLI, Carlo, MALACARNE, M., LUCINI, D., ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, FERRETTI, Guido. Cardiovascular re-adjustments and baroreflex response during clinical reambulation procedure at the end of 35-day bed rest in humans. Applied physiology, nutrition and metabolism, ISSN 1715-5312, 2013, vol. 38, no. 6, str. 673-680, ilustr. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/apnm-2012-0396, doi: 1139/apnm-2012-0396.
  31. LI, Ruowei, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, ERSKINE, Robert M., SEYNNES, Olivier, RITTWEGER, Joern, PIŠOT, Rado, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, FLÜCK, M. Costamere remodeling with muscle loading and unloading in healthy young men. Journal of Anatomy, ISSN 0021-8782, 2013, vol. 223, iss. 5, str. 525-536, ilustr. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12101/pdf, doi: 1111/joa.12101.
  32. IOVINO, Paola, CHIARIONI, Giuseppe, BILANCIO, Giancarlo, CIRILLO, Massimo, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado, CIACCI, Carolina. New onset of constipation during long-term physical inactivity : a proof-of-concept study on the immobility-induced bowel changes. PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, 2013, vol. 8, iss. 8, str. 1-8, graf. prikazi. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0072608, doi: 1371/journal.pone.0072608.
  33. ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, DEGENS, H., RITTWEGER, Joern, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, PIŠOT, Venčeslav, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado. Tensiomyographic measurement of atrophy related processes during bed rest and recovery. V: OUWEHAND, L. (ur.). Proceedings of Life in space for life on earth, 18-22 June 2012, Aberdeen, (ESA SP (CD-ROM), ISSN 1609-042X). Noordwijk: ESA Communications. 2013
  34. SALVADEGO, Desy, LAZZER, Stefano, MARZORATI, Mauro, PORCELLI, Simone, REJC, Enrico, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, DI PRAMPERO, Pietro Enrico, GRASSI, Bruno. Functional impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism during knee-extension exercise after bed rest. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 2011, vol. 111, no. 6, str. 1719-1726. http://jap.physiology.org/content/111/6/1719.full.pdf+html, doi: 1152/japplphysiol.01380.2010.
  35. ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, DEGENS, H., RITTWEGER, Joern, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado. Noninvasive estimation of myosin heavy chain composition in human skeletal muscle. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, ISSN 0195-9131, 2011, vol. 43, iss. 9, str. 1619-1625. http://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/2011/09000/Noninvasive_Estimation_of_Myosin_Heavy_Chain.3.aspx, doi: 1249/MSS.0b013e31821522d0.
  36. YOGEV, Daniel, EIKEN, Ola, PIŠOT, Rado, BIOLO, Gianni, PRAMPERO, Pietro di, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B. Effect of 21 days of horizontal bed rest on behavioural thermoregulation. European journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1439-6319. [Print ed.], Jan. 2010, vol. 108, no. 2, str. 281-188. http://www.springerlink.com/content/1439-6319/108/2/, doi: 1007/s00421-009-1202-7.
  37. PORCELLI, Simone, MARZORATI, Mauro, LANFRANCONI, Francesca, VAGO, Paola, PIŠOT, Rado, GRASSI, Bruno. Role of skeletal muscles impairment and brain oxygenation in limiting oxidative metabolism during exercise after bed rest. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, 2010, vol. 109, no. 1, str. 101-111, ilustr. http://jap.physiology.org/content/109/1/101.full.pdf, doi: 1152/japplphysiol.00782.2009.
  38. AGOSTINI, Francesco, DALLA LIBERA, Luciano, RITTWEGER, Joern, MAZZUCCO, Sara, JURDANA, Mihaela, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado, GORZA, Luisa, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, BIOLO, Gianni. Effects of inactivity on human muscle glutathione synthesis by a double-tracer and single-biopsy approach. The journal of physiology, ISSN 0022-3751. [Print ed.], 2010, vol. 588, iss. 24, str. 5089-5104. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.198283/pdf, doi: 1113/jphysiol.2010.198283.
  39. RITTWEGER, Joern, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, BILANCIO, Giancarlo, DE SANTO, Natale Gaspare, CIRILLO, Massimo, BIOLO, Gianni, PIŠOT, Rado, EIKEN, Ola, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. Bone loss in the lower leg during 35 days of bed rest is predominantly from the cortical compartment. Bone, ISSN 8756-3282. [Print ed.], 2009, vol. 44, no. 4, str. 612-618. http://www.sciencedirect.com, doi: 1016/j.bone.2009.01.001.
  40. BIOLO, Gianni, AGOSTINI, Francesco, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, STURMA, Mariella, TORELLI, Lucio, PREISER, Jean Charles, DEBY-DUPONT, Ginette, MAGNI, Paolo, STROLLO, Felice, PRAMPERO, Pietro di, GUARNIERI, Gianfranco, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. Positive energy balance is associated with accelerated muscle atrophy and increased erythrocyte glutathione turnover during 5 wk of bed rest. The American journal of clinical nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, 2008, vol. 88, no. 4, str. 950-958.
  41. DE BOER, Maarten D., SEYNNES, Olivier, PRAMPERO, Pietro di, PIŠOT, Rado, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., BIOLO, Gianni, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo. Effect of 5 weeks horizontal bed rest on human muscle thickness and architecture of weight bearing and non-weight bearing muscles. European journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1439-6319. [Print ed.], 2008, vol. 104, no. 2, str. 401-407. http://www.springerlink.com/content/3u96rr2777273575/fulltext.pdf, doi: 1007/s00421-008-0703-0.
  42. PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, DE BOER, Maarten D., SEYNNES, Olivier, JURDANA, Mihaela, BIOLO, Gianni, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B. Whole muscle contractile parameters and thickness loss during 35-day bed rest. European journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1439-6319. [Print ed.], 2008, vol. 104, no. 2, str. 409-414. http://www.springerlink.com/content/t733607305283h25/fulltext.pdf, doi: 1007/s00421-008-0698-6.
  43. PLAZAR, Nadja, JURDANA, Mihaela, PIŠOT, Rado. Vpliv 35 dnevnega mirovanja na koncentracijo homocisteina v krvi = The effect of 35-day bed rest on plasma homocysteine concentration. Farmacevtski vestnik : strokovno glasilo slovenske farmacije, ISSN 0014-8229. [Tiskana izd.], dec. 2008, letn. 59, št. 6, str. 319-322.
  44. DOLENC, Petra, TUŠAK, Matej, DIMEC ČASAR, Tjaša, PIŠOT, Rado. Anxiety, emotional regulation and concentration during 35-day bed rest. Review of Psychology : international journal of Croatian Psychological Association, ISSN 1330-6812, 2008, vol. 15, no. 1/2, str. 11-16.
  45. DOLENC, Petra, TUŠAK, Matej, DIMEC ČASAR, Tjaša, PIŠOT, Rado. Vpliv popolne gibalne neaktivnosti na psihično zdravje in počutje zdravih mladih preiskovancev = Effects of complete physical inactivity on psychical health and well-being in healthy young subjects. Zdravstveno varstvo : Slovenian journal of public health, ISSN 0351-0026. [Tiskana izd.], 2008, letn. 47, št. 2, str. 53-59.
  46. ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, RITTWEGER, Joern, CANKAR, Gregor, JURDANA, Mihaela, VOLMUT, Tadeja, ŠETINA, Tina, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., PIŠOT, Rado. Odziv sestave telesa, mišične togosti in ravnotežja po 35-dnevni odsotnosti gibanja pri mladih in zdravih preiskovancih = Changes in body composition, muscle stiffness and postural stability occurring in healthy young men submitted to a 35-day bed rest. Zdravstveno varstvo : Slovenian journal of public health, ISSN 0351-0026. [Tiskana izd.], 2008, letn. 47, št. 2, str. 60-71.

Review articles:

  1. SARTO, Fabio, BOTTINELLI, Roberto, FRANCHI, Martino V., PORCELLI, Simone, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo. Pathophysiological mechanisms of reduced physical activity : insights from the human step reduction model and animal analogues. Acta physiologica, ISSN 1748-1716. [Online ed.], 2023, vol. [accepted article], [article no.] e13986, str. [accepted article], ilustr. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13986, doi: 10.1111/apha.13986

  2. DI GIROLAMO, Filippo Giorgio, FIOTTI, Nicola, MILANOVIĆ, Zoran, SITULIN, Roberta, MEARELLI, Filippo, VINCI, Pierandrea, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, NARICI, Marco Vicenzo, BIOLO, Gianni. The aging muscle in experimental bed rest : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in nutrition, ISSN 2296-861X, Aug. 2021, vol. 8, art. 633987, str. 1-13, ilustr. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.633987/full, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.633987, https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=14276, doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633987

  3. MARUŠIČ, Uroš, NARICI, Marco Vincenzo, ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan, PIŠOT, Rado, RITZMANN, Ramona. Non-uniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest : a systematic review. Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 1522-1601. [Online ed.], 2021, vol. 130, iss. Jul. 2021, vol. 131, iss. 1, str. 194-206, ilustr. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2020, doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00013.2021.
  4. MARUŠIČ, Uroš, KAVCIC, Voyko, PIŠOT, Rado, GOSWAMI, Nandu. The role of enhanced cognition to counteract detrimental effects of prolonged bed rest : current evidence and perspectives. Frontiers in physiology, ISSN 1664-042X, jan. 2019, vol. 9, art. 1864, str. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01864, doi: 3389/fphys.2018.01864.
  5. MARUŠIČ, Uroš, MEEUSEN, Romain, PIŠOT, Rado, KAVCIC, Voyko. The brain in micro- and hypergravity : the effects of changing gravity on the brain electrocortical activity. European journal of sport science, ISSN 1746-1391, 2014, vol. 14, iss. 8, str. 813-822. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17461391.2014.908959, doi: 1080/17461391.2014.908959.
  6. BILANCIO, Giancarlo, LOMBARDI, Cinzia, PIŠOT, Rado, MEKJAVIĆ, Igor B., DE SANTO, Natale Gaspare, LUCIANO, Maria Grazia. Effects of prolonged immobilization on sequential changes in mineral and bone disease parameters : to the editor. American journal of kidney diseases, ISSN 0272-6386, 2013, vol. 61, no. 5, str. 845-847.
  7. BILANCIO, Giancarlo, LOMBARDI, Cinzia, CIRILLO, Massimo, PIŠOT, Rado, RITTWEGER, Joern, DE SANTO, Natale Gaspare. From space flights to osteoporosis. Annales kinesiologiae, ISSN 2232-2620. [Tiskana izd.], 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, str. 27-34.